ACC Network School Takeovers Begin July 2 – Clemson Tigers Official Athletics Site - clemsontigers.com

ACC Network (ACCN), the 24/7 national platform dedicated to ACC sports, will present 15 days of programming highlighting some of the best games and greatest moments from the 2020-21 season for each ACC institution beginning Friday, July 2. ACC Network School Takeovers will showcase instant classics and memorable performances, including ACC Championships and more starting at 6 a.m. ET each day. In addition, new episodes of Authentic ACC – a series produced entirely by ACC schools – will premiere throughout July 2-17.

Boston College kicks off the schedule July 2, followed by Clemson (July 3), Duke (July 5), Florida State (July 6), Georgia Tech (July 7), Louisville (July 8), Miami (July 9) Notre Dame (July 10), North Carolina (July 11), NC State (July 12), Pitt (July 13), Syracuse (July 14), Virginia (July 15), Virginia Tech (July 16) and Wake Forest (July 17). Institution-specific programming schedules and other details will be announced soon.

Additional Content Highlights

Authentic ACC, a series of original 30-minute specials produced by several ACC schools, will air throughout the two weeks of dedicated programming. These shows will highlight original content and storytelling unique to that institution.

ACC Traditions: Syracuse will premiere Wednesday, July 14 on ACCN. The half-hour program will cover a number of Orange football legends – Jim Brown, Ernie Davis, Floyd Little, the rich tradition of the Syracuse men’s lacrosse program and one of its all-time greats Gary Gait, as well as an all-access look at The Dome.

Follow ACCN on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook – for additional coverage and complementary content throughout the 15 days of school takeovers.

Packer and Durham, ACCN’s morning show from 7-10 a.m. each weekday morning, will return on Monday, July 19.

2021 ACC Network School Takeover Schedule

July 2: Boston College

July 3: Clemson

July 5: Duke

July 6: Florida State

July 7: Georgia Tech

July 8: Louisville

July 9: Miami

July 10: Notre Dame

July 11: North Carolina

July 12: NC State

July 13: Pitt

July 14: Syracuse

July 15: Virginia

July 16: Virginia Tech

July 17: Wake Forest

About ACC Network

Owned and operated by ESPN in partnership with the Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC Network (ACCN) and its digital platform ACCNX is a 24/7 national network dedicated to ACC sports that launched on August 22, 2019. ACCN features regular-season and tournament games from across the conference’s 27 sponsored sports plus a complement of news and information shows and original programming. ESPN has been televising ACC content since 1979 and has exclusive rights to every conference-controlled game across all sports and championships.

Carriage agreements are in place with the following video providers: AT&T TV, Cox, DIRECTV, DISH Network, fuboTV, Google Fiber, Hulu+ Live TV, Optimum, Sling TV, Spectrum TV, Suddenlink, Verizon Fios, YouTube TV, members of the NCTC, NRTC and Vivicast, among others. All ACCN games will also be available on the ESPN app to authenticated subscribers. Fans interested in learning more about ACCN can visit www.GetACCN.com.

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All Five 2021 Home Redbird Football Games To Air On Marquee Sports Network - Illinois State University Athletics - Illinois State Athletics

Football 6/30/2021 2:11:00 PM Mike Williams

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CHICAGO, Ill. – Illinois State Football will continue to maintain its television footprint in the Chicago media market with a new five-game agreement between Redbird Sports Properties and Marquee Sports Network to broadcast all of home games during the 2021 Redbird football season. All contests will also be simulcast live on ESPN3/+ as part of the Missouri Valley Football Conference's broadcast agreement.

Broadcasts will include the team's season opener against Butler on September 4 (6:30 p.m.), its Family Weekend contest against Missouri State on October 2 (1 p.m.), the Homecoming game against North Dakota State (2 p.m.), a November 2 tilt against Northern Iowa (Noon) and the regular-season finale against Indiana State on November 20 (Noon).

"We're excited to extend our partnership with Redbird Athletics this year and offer five home games - our viewers love live and local content," Marquee Sports Network Programming Manager Allison Bertucci said. "Between ISU football and the Cubs, it's bound to be a very exciting fall at Marquee Sports Network!"

Debuting in February of 2020, Marquee Sports Network is the exclusive television network for Chicago Cubs baseball, except for games selected by national broadcasts. In addition to game broadcasts, the network features pregame and postgame coverage, exclusive Cubs content, local sports programming and original shows geared towards sports fans.

Marquee Sports Network is available on more than 50 cable providers in portions of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Wisconsin, as well as on the streaming platforms AT&T TV and fuboTV. For a full list of providers carrying Marquee Sports Network in your area, check out https://ift.tt/3h5dKrV.

Illinois State Athletics Percy Family Hall of Famer and WMBD Sports Director Kurt Pegler will serve as the play-by-play voice on the telecasts and will be joined in the booth by former Illinois State All-American Chris Highland as the analyst. 

For more game information and updates regarding coverage of Redbird football games, visit GoRedbirds.com and click on the football schedule page.

GoRedbirds.com and the Illinois State Redbirds App:  Your sources for Illinois State tickets, Weisbecker Scholarship Fund gifts, multimedia, Redbird merchandise, photos and more.
 

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Donors' $1 Million Gift Funds Program to Equip Kids to Overcome Illiteracy - HottyToddy - HottyToddy.com

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By Bill Dabney

University of Mississippi

Ole Miss student Jodie Bartlett (left), of Bay St. Louis, teaches reading to rising first-grader Jackson Knight, of Oxford. Photo by Mary Stanton Knight/University Development

The University of Mississippi, the Shelton School of Dallas, two Mississippi school districts, a former UM professor and an Ole Miss alumnus have joined forces in a fight against illiteracy.

For the next three years, the Shelton School will conduct a pilot program designed to improve literacy in the Oxford and Lafayette County school districts. Shelton School is the largest school worldwide for students with learning differences and a resource and teacher training center dedicated to making a difference by serving and empowering the lives of students who learn differently.

A gift of almost $1 million from Bob Dorsey, a former UM economics professor, and his wife, Carol, will support the North Mississippi Literacy Project, which was introduced to the schools by the UM McLean Institute for Public Service and Community Engagement. 

“So many children fall behind before they get a good start in school because they have learning and developmental challenges and need a different approach,” Carol Dorsey said. “This program will give teachers the tools to engage these students from the start so they can succeed.”

The Dorseys’ gift will be transformative, said Albert Nylander, director of the McLean Institute. 

“This is a wonderful life-changing opportunity that the Dorseys are providing for young students,” he said. “Over 2,000 students will be impacted by their commitment to entrust the McLean Institute, the Shelton School and our local school districts with these resources.”

Implementing a program to help Mississippi students who learn differently is the brainchild of Ole Miss alumnus Phillip Wiggins, founder and CEO of Stratford Land Co. in Dallas, whose three children attended the Shelton School to improve their reading skills.

“When my oldest son, Davis, went to Shelton, he read in the 20th percentile in the nation; he was basically illiterate,” said Wiggins, a 1977 graduate of the College of Liberal Arts and a Rebel tennis player. “He had no letter memory. Every time he saw a letter, he was seeing it for the first time.”

When Davis Wiggins left Shelton in the ninth grade to enter mainstream schools, his reading had improved to the 86th percentile. He went on to earn undergraduate and graduate degrees and works in the family business.

“About 30% of the populace learns differently,” Phillip Wiggins said. “They don’t learn in the way that they’re being taught in public schools.”

Having served as chair of both the Shelton School and McLean Institute boards of directors, he recognized that Mississippi has limited options for illiterate children. And personally understanding that a student’s challenge can be due to processing, not intellect, Wiggins approached Joyce Pickering, Shelton’s executive director emerita, to gauge her interest in starting a literacy program in Mississippi using a proven curriculum she wrote. 

“I said, ‘Yes, that’s exactly what our outreach department does,'” recalled Pickering, who works as director emerita in Shelton Outreach for teacher training. “We train teachers all over the world specifically in working with children who have learning differences, including dyslexia, ADHD, oral language disorders, math disorders, speech and language disorders – all of these kinds of processing problems.”

The pieces of the pilot program simply fell into place, Wiggins said. With introductions coordinated by Nylander, the school districts came on board and with a connection arranged by Denson Hollis, then-executive director of development, the Dorseys offered their support.

“Having a child who struggled in school certainly made me realize that even the smartest kid can have a disability of some sort, a difference that singles them out,” said Carol Dorsey whose late son, Adam, had dyslexia. “No matter how smart they are, they can’t learn like everybody else.

“He was very bright but he couldn’t see the way everyone else saw, so he couldn’t keep up in class. He did not learn to enjoy reading until he was about 25 years old. The miracle is that he got a two-year degree at a junior college and was able to find ways he could succeed, but it wasn’t through reading. 

“Adam had to find his own ways of learning. It shouldn’t be so hard.”

If all goes as expected, the North Mississippi Literacy Project will make life easier for children with learning differences. 

Shelton staff will conduct workshops for the districts’ 130-plus teachers of pre-K through second-grade students, training them to use the multisensory structured language program “SEE,” or Sequential English Education, that Pickering wrote. This method has been used to teach all children to read, write and spell, providing a solid foundation for the development of literacy skills. 

Intervention before children reach third grade is the key to keeping students who learn differently from falling behind their peers, Pickering explained. 

To identify each child’s skills, abilities and strengths, the project screens all students. The resulting data then helps teachers identify the right learning strategy to implement for every child in the classroom.

“It’s very compelling to me that this program provides a safety basket of tools and strategies for these kids so they don’t fail,” Dorsey said.

Shelton faculty member John Hodges will move to an office within the McLean Institute to be the director of the North Mississippi Literacy Project, supervising the pilot program for its three-year duration. 

Hodges is a certified academic language therapist and a Shelton-certified instructor of the SEE program. He is on the board of directors of the Academic Language Therapy Association and has served on the Dallas branch of the International Dyslexia Association. He also works as an adjunct professor at Dallas Baptist University.

The Dorseys’ gift will support Hodges’ salary, benefits and move to Mississippi as well as the curriculum’s training and testing materials, essentially covering the program’s budget for the first year. 

“It’s a very important project, and we are so grateful to the Dorseys for understanding and feeling that this is worthwhile,” Pickering said. “It’s just a wonderful opportunity to help a lot of children and teachers.”

Wiggins agreed: “The Dorseys’ gift could end up making a huge difference not only in the state but also in the Southeast as more and more school districts adopt the curriculum.” 

The hope for now is that the project will continue in Mississippi public schools beyond the three-year pilot.

“Our goal is to work ourselves out of a job,” Pickering said. “When teachers have something that works and helps them help children, they don’t give it up easily.” 

For more information on supporting the North Mississippi Literacy Project, contact Charlotte Parks, vice chancellor for development, at 662-915-3120 or cpparks@olemiss.edu.

---

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Women’s social network Peanut launches microfund StartHER to invest in pre-seed stage startups - TechCrunch

Peanut, the maker of a social networking app for women, is entering into the investing space with today’s launch of a microfund called StartHER. As the name implies, the new fund will focus on investing in women, as well as other historically excluded founders “of all ages, life stages, ethnicities and sexual orientations,” the company says. In particular, StartHER aims to tackle the difficulties specific groups have in raising their first capital — something typically referred to as the “friends and family round.”

Peanut argues there’s inherent bias in assuming that every startup founder has access to what are, essentially, wealthy friends or family who can spare a little startup capital. These rounds often range in size from $10,000 to as large as $150,000 or more, and can make a difference when it comes to getting a new company off the ground.

“The assumption that founders should have networks able to invest in their businesses creates an unfair starting line for most groups. If we don’t remove barriers to that initial funding by providing access to capital, how can we ever hope to see a changing founder profile further through the fundraising funnel?” says Peanut CEO Michelle Kennedy, in a statement about the fund’s launch. “Peanut’s StartHER fund opens the door to founders looking for that early funding. It’s our opportunity to finally level the playing field. We want to be the family these founders can turn to, opening the door to our professional networks too.”

The lack of access to funds for female founders may have gotten worse during the pandemic. Crunchbase data indicates female-founded startups globally saw a 27% decrease in funding in 2020 as compared to 2019. The pandemic shut down access to in-person networking opportunities and disproportionately impacted the family caretakers who tend to be women, as schools, daycares and other childcare assistance businesses closed their doors. These changes may have contributed to the decline, though it’s hard to pinpoint.

But even outside the pandemic’s impacts, women are underrepresented in venture investing — including on the firm’s side. Only 13% of decision-makers at VC firms are women, which can influence what startups receive funding.

“It’s no secret that the venture capital industry is dominated by those with privilege and lucrative connections. As a member of the Female Founders Fund, I’m excited to be a part of StartHER’s investment committee to help these entrepreneurs, who have not been adequately recognized, grow their networks in the venture capital community,” said Anu Duggal, Founding Partner of Female Founders Fund, who joined SheHER’s investment committee.

StartHER says it’s looking to step in to fill that gap by offering small investments to early-stage, pre-seed businesses focused on making a positive impact on society, healthcare, or the environment. According to its online application, StartHER will write checks of between $25,000 and $50,000 — likely one of the first checks a new startup may receive. The overall fund is $300,000 in size, and will make 3-4 investments in 2021. Peanut will not take an equity stake in the companies it invests in.

“Moving forward, we’ll be considering other factors such as deal flow to help inform how we invest and the companies we choose to invest in,” explains Kennedy. We’re heavily focused on making the right investments that will have the most impact versus simply making returns. For StartHER, our goal is not to make X number of investments for X returns, but to diversify the VC funnel by serving as an entry point to capital for underrepresented founders,” she says.

Along with Duggal and Kennedy, the investment committee for the fund includes journalist and angel investor Bérénice Magistretti; Chief Business Officer at Conde Nast Britain, Vanessa Kingori MBE; Founder of Shiffon Co. and Startup Girl Foundation, Shilpa Yarlagadda; and author, columnist and Brand Strategist, Elizabeth Uviebinene.

Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, and the committee meets every six months to consider the fund’s applications. Beyond the investment, startups who receive SheHER funds will also be given access and office hours to the networks of the committee members, the website says.

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AT&T Agrees to Outsource Its 5G Network to Microsoft's Azure - Bloomberg

AT&T Inc. is enlisting Microsoft Corp. to run its next-generation mobile network, a key win in the race by cloud companies to lock down large
clients.

Microsoft is acquiring AT&T’s Network Cloud technology and staff as part of a deal to eventually handle all of the wireless carrier’s 5G traffic, starting with the core software that connects customers to the internet, the companies said Wednesday. Financial terms weren’t disclosed.

The deal builds on a 5G partnership formed by the two companies in 2019 and is a big win for Microsoft’s Azure division as it tries to sell more cloud services worldwide. For Dallas-based AT&T, the third-largest wireless provider, the move helps reduce operating costs. The carrier will continue to run its network using Microsoft for the 5G cloud operations.

Dish Network Corp. made a similar deal in April to have Amazon.com Inc. run its core 5G network.

“This deal is not exclusive, so I fully expect Azure will try to assert itself as the telecom cloud provider for many carriers around the world,” said Roger Entner of Recon Analytics LLC.

Carriers are in the process of deploying new 5G networks and aren’t yet generating substantial revenue from them. Some of the most promising 5G cloud applications are thought to be with industries like autos, health care and manufacturing.

Cloud services are dominated by technology companies such as Microsoft, Amazon and Google. Wireless carriers including AT&T and Verizon Communications Inc. have partnered with the tech companies to help merge 5G connections with cloud computing.

AT&T is spinning off its DirecTV satellite business and its WarnerMedia assets to focus more narrowly on its wireless and broadband communications services.

“AT&T developed its own 5G cloud, but it was subscale,” Entner said. “It’s logical that they would outsource it.”

(Updates with prior 5G alliance in third paragraph)

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AT&T to run core 5G network on Microsoft's cloud - Reuters

June 30 (Reuters) - Microsoft Corp (MSFT.O) and AT&T Inc (T.N) on Wednesday said that the carrier will run core parts of its 5G wireless network on Microsoft's cloud computing platform.

The newer generation of networks, which AT&T began rolling out in 2018, is designed to rely more heavily on software and data centers for routing traffic rather than telecommunications specific gear.

Microsoft, which analysts believe to be the second largest cloud computing provider by revenue behind rival Amazon Web Services (AMZN.O), has been building out specific cloud computing offering to go after carriers, and AT&T is the Redmond, Washington-based company's first major win.

The two also said that Microsoft will purchase software and intellectual property developed by AT&T to help build out its offerings for carriers. The companies did not disclose the terms of the deals, but said that Microsoft will make job offers to several hundred AT&T engineers.

The deal follows a $2 billion agreement in 2019 in which AT&T said it would start using Microsoft's cloud for software development and other tasks. At that time, AT&T said it would continue to run its core networking functions in its own private data centers.

Andre Fuetsch, AT&T's chief technology officer, said that shifting to a public cloud vendor will let AT&T take advantage of a larger ecosystem of software developers who are working on technologies such as wringing more use out of pricey 5G spectrum or creating new features for users.

"That's what we at AT&T want to do, and we think working with Microsoft gives us that advantage," Fuetsch told Reuters in an interview.

Microsoft intends to use the newly acquired technology - plus the experience gained helping AT&T run the network - to build out a product it calls Azure for Operators, which it will use to go after core network business from telecommunications companies in the 60 regions of the world where it operates.

"I think we're going to have operators around the planet that are quite interested in that," Jason Zander, executive vice president of Microsoft Azure, said in an interview.

(This story corrects word order in final paragraph.)

Reporting by Stephen Nellis in San Francisco; Editing by Aurora Ellis

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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Exclusive: Meet The ARIA Network, A New Media Company Seeking To Disrupt Advertising Via AR, NFTs And New Shoppable Experiences - Forbes

Orange to launch experimental 5G network amid telecom rush to the cloud - Reuters

MADRID, June 30 (Reuters) - Orange (ORAN.PA) said on Wednesday it will launch an experimental 5G network using a cloud-based open platform and artificial intelligence in July, as the telecom industry rushes to shift services onto the cloud in a bid to cut costs and modernise.

Orange will build the network in Lannion, northern France, in partnership with companies such as Mavenir (MVNR.O), Casa Systems (CASA.O), Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE.N), Dell Technologies (DELL.N) and Xiaomi (1810.HK).

"This experimental network will enable Orange to understand the customer benefit of a fully clouderised network, as well as AI," Orange's Chief Technology Officer Michael Trabbia told reporters on a call.

"We'll start small but ramp up quickly to encompass hundreds of users by the end of this year."

Orange hopes to expand the network, called Pikeo, to other countries in 2022, once it is fully-fledged and able to self-repair thanks to automation and machine learning, with Trabbia noting that Spain might be a good candidate for exportation.

Several telecom companies have been experimenting with a technology called Open Radio Access Network (RAN), which uses software to run network functions on the cloud, a feature requiring less physical equipment.

The technology promises to radically cut costs for telecom operators by employing cloud-based software and commoditized hardware rather proprietary equipment supplied by companies such as Nokia (NOKIA.HE), Ericsson (ERICb.ST) and Huawei (HWT.UL).

Orange has said it aims to have 100% of its new equipment be compatible with open RAN by 2025, a plan similar to that of Spanish operator Telefonica, as Europe's telecoms firms face the challenge of ever-accelerating digitalisation amid the pandemic.

"We're seeing big expectations from customers, the industry ... as with the factory of the future: augmented maintenance, high-definition monitoring, logistical elements which we're working to optimise thanks to this type of network," Trabbia added.

Reporting by Clara-Laeila Laudette; additional reporting by Supantha Mukherjee; Editing by Marguerita Choy

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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Fox News Settles New York City Probe of Network’s Work Culture for $1 Million - The Wall Street Journal

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Photo: eduardo munoz/Reuters

Fox News agreed to pay the New York City Commission on Human Rights a $1 million settlement to resolve an investigation of sexual harassment claims that occurred during the late Roger Ailes’s tenure as chairman and chief executive of the cable network.

On Tuesday, the commission said it was requiring the network to waive arbitration clauses in contracts it has with employees for a period of four years for any claims brought against the company under New York City’s Human Rights Law. The agreement also mandates that Fox News implement a “policy and complaint procedure for reporting of discrimination and harassment complaints” that allows for multiple levels of reporting for at least two years.

In a statement, Fox News said: “We are pleased to reach an amicable resolution of this legacy matter. Fox News Media has already been in full compliance across the board, but cooperated with the New York City Commission on Human Rights to continue enacting extensive preventive measures against all forms of discrimination and harassment.”

The commission launched its investigation several years ago during a time of turmoil at Fox News after on-air personality Gretchen Carlson filed a lawsuit accusing Ailes of harassment. She received a settlement of around $20 million in 2016.

Fox News’s parent company at the time apologized to Ms. Carlson, saying that she hadn’t been “treated with the respect and dignity that she and all of our colleagues deserve.” Ailes, who died in 2017, denied all harassment allegations.

The Ailes suit was followed by several other harassment accusations against Fox News personalities including Bill O’Reilly, who subsequently left the network and has denied wrongdoing.

Fox News parent Fox Corp. and Wall Street Journal parent News Corp share common ownership.

Write to Joe Flint at joe.flint@wsj.com

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Starlink Update: Musk Sees Mobile Backhaul Future and CPE Equip Costs Cut in Half - Telecompetitor

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During a keynote address at the Mobile World Congress, taking place in Barcelona, Spain this week, Elon Musk offered an update on SpaceX’s Starlink satellite broadband service. Citing the service as “[f]illing in the gaps between 5G and fiber,” Musk highlighted several notable plans including a role for Starlink with mobile operators.

Musk reports SpaceX has launched over 1,500 Starlink satellites to date and operates in 12 countries. Combined, that constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites can collectively transmit about 30 Tbps of data. The service has close to 70K active subscribers and Musk sees that number growing to a range of several hundred thousand to close to 500K in a year’s time.

Starlink Mobile Backhaul Opportunity

Beyond the core service of providing broadband access to lower density markets across the country (and the world), Musk shared a vision for Starlink acting as backhaul for mobile operatros from remote locations.

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“We can’t talk about those deals today because our partners are about ready to announce them…I think it can be quite useful to a lot of telcos for data backhaul,” said Musk. “If you have cellular stations in remote regions, just using Starlink for data backhaul to their network can be a very cost effective way of doing data backhaul.”

Musk highlighted deals to come where Starlink will partner with mobile operators to help expand 5G to rural markets by allowing mobile operators to build 5G towers in rural areas, with backhaul provided by Starlink. He didn’t clarify as to where in the world those partnerships may operate.

LEO-delivered service like Starlink has been cited as a potential boost for rural mobile 5G, but in at least one report, it had nothing to do with backhaul.

As for offering broadband service to end customers, Musk admitted the CPE is priced too high. Even at $500, Musk revealed Starlink is losing over $500 for every end terminal. He hinted that lower cost terminals are coming and he expects the cost to get down to $250 – $300.

“To be totally frank, we are losing money on that terminal right now…that terminal costs us more than $1,000,” Musk said. “Obviously selling terminals at half price is not super compelling at scale.”

Musk added that the terminal was built for self-installs, and he claims end users can have it up in as little as five minutes.

Musk says the company expects to invest $5 billion to $10 billion before Starlink will be cash flow positive, with a total investment of $30 billion over time not out of the question.

One has to wonder how Musk and his Starlink team view the debate around broadband infrastructure, with potentially $65 billion being tossed around as an investment to enable universal broadband. SpaceX has already provisionally secured close to $1 billion through the RDOF program. Will it get more through a potential broadband infrastructure plan?

He joked that when asked at a previous conference what Starlink success would look like, he answered that success would be for it not to go bankrupt.

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The Coronavirus Pandemic and Network Neutrality Implications - Lawfare

The coronavirus pandemic has served as the biggest stress test for the internet to date. The performance of regional networks degraded significantly, especially regarding upload speeds, during a time when an online connection was a true lifeline. But would the 2015 network neutrality regulations have made a difference in consumer experience during the pandemic? Would net neutrality have provided faster neighborhood internet speeds or more consistent pricing? This post examines instances of pricing changes, throttling and traffic prioritization during the coronavirus crisis to answer these questions and zooms out to the larger internet ecosystem beyond just internet service providers (ISP). 

A Brief Overview of U.S. Net Neutrality Regulations

In the words of internet industry analyst Larry Downes, “Net neutrality is a basic, but notoriously squishy, principle.” In its purest form, network neutrality stands for the principle that broadband providers should treat all data packets flowing over their networks the exact same. Net neutrality would therefore prohibit an ISP from throttling, blocking or otherwise unfairly discriminating against any internet traffic.

While net neutrality is a relatively simple engineering concept, it has taken on its own meaning in the policy context. The term “net neutrality” has expanded to stand for common carrier regulation. In the United States, the “common carriage” label was first used to regulate railroads and telegraphs in the 19th century. Regulators later applied the common carrier duty to more modern technologies, such as local phone service, through Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. Under Title II, a common carrier must serve all comers, must file a pricing scheme with the Federal Communications Commision (FCC), must provide “just and reasonable” rates, and must not engage in “unjust or unreasonable discrimination” between customers. Through the 1996 Telecommunications Act, Congress modernized the Communications Act of 1934 to include the internet. The drafters of the 1996 Telecommunications Act differentiated between traditional Title II “telecommunications” services, subject to common carrier regulations, and new kinds of Title I “information” services, which would be relatively free of regulations.

As the FCC attempted to apply net neutrality principles, such as no blocking, no throttling, and no paid prioritization, to ISPs, the term “net neutrality” soon became conflated with classifying broadband as a Title II service. This stemmed from three FCC orders that struggled over how to hold ISPs accountable for net neutrality principles, with one FCC order resorting to reclassifying broadband from Title I to Title II to establish sufficient legal authority.

First, the 2010 FCC Order established disclosure rules that required ISPs to disclose pricing, including “monthly prices, usage-based fees, and fees for early termination or additional network services.” Second, the 2015 “Open Internet Order” reclassified broadband as a Title II service to establish bright-line bans on blocking, throttling and paid prioritization. However, these rules contained a vague “reasonable network management” exception. The 2015 order also established enhanced disclosure rules that required ISPs to be more transparent with consumers about hidden fees and the consequences of exceeding data caps, such as additional charges or loss of service for the remainder of the billing cycle. But the 2015 order would effectively be undone through the Trump administration’s 2017 “Restoring Internet Freedom Order” (RIFO). RIFO reclassified broadband as a Title I information service; removed restrictions on blocking, throttling, and paid prioritization; and rolled back the 2015 enhanced disclosure rules. However, the 2010 order’s disclosure requirements remain in place.

Pricing Security—A Voluntary Pledge Lacks Power

Pricing emerged as one of the most visible problems for households trying to connect to the internet during the pandemic. Families that previously could get by with just a mobile data plan or cellular connection suddenly needed to purchase a more robust broadband subscription, either wired or wireless, so that their children could attend school that had become fully remote. Surging unemployment rates further exacerbated the affordability problem. Unemployment rates peaked in April 2020 at 14.8 percent, a level not seen since data collection started in 1948. As of October 2020, 8 million more Americans had fallen into poverty, and nearly one in six adults with children reported that they were food insecure. These conditions forced some households to choose between food and broadband in helping their children attend school. 

On March 13, 2020, FCC Chairman Ajit Pai announced the “Keep Americans Connected” pledge to combat the internet affordability problem. The “Keep Americans Connected” pledge was a nonbinding appeal to private companies that implored signatories not to terminate service to any residential or small business customers because of an inability to pay bills and to waive any late fees incurred due to the pandemic. The original pledge was for 60 days from the announcement, and the FCC extended it until June 30, 2020. Although more than 800 companies signed the voluntary pledge, this was only a temporary solution to an ongoing crisis. The pledge simply paused the collection of bills—it did not absolve them; so customers still faced bills at the end of the pledge. The voluntary pledge also lacked an enforcement mechanism, and some customers reported that signatories did not fulfill the pledge. Chairman Pai even acknowledged that the FCC had received approximately 500 complaints about the program.

Some ISPs continued to honor these consumer protections following the sunset of the pledge. Comcast said it would continue to offer free internet for low-income households until the end of 2020 and waive a portion of the past-due balance for customers unable to pay. Charter offered a month of free service for new small-business customers, which sounds more like a promotional hook than a pandemic consumer protection program, and further offered to work directly with customers on repayment assistance plans. AT&T stated that it would waive data overage fees for home internet service until Sept. 30, 2020.

Title II common carrier classification over ISPs would have given the FCC authority to oversee ISPs’ pricing schemes and rate regulation. This could have resulted in consistent and enforceable pricing policies during the pandemic rather than reliance on a voluntary pledge. Therefore, common carrier classification could have dramatically improved consumer experiences regarding affordability during the crisis as well as after the pandemic subsides.

Throttling and Network Maintenance—The Power of ISPs

With the quick swell of internet traffic during the pandemic, network operators across the nation rushed to expand their networks’ bandwidth capacity. Insufficient bandwidth can lead to congestion when too many bits are trying to be sent over the network at a given time. When faced with congestion, a network operator can either increase capacity or throttle the internet bandwidth of some customers. Network operators already incorporate substantial amounts of unused capacity, known as headroom, into their networks. The headroom is designed to mitigate intermittent spikes in traffic. Network operators generally increase capacity once they reach a 50 percent average network utilization rate. Smaller ISPs, such as providers in rural areas, might operate on thinner margins. Confronted with high utilization rates, several network operators chose to upgrade their networks’ infrastructure. CenturyLink added new fiber to increase its network capacity after various parts of its infrastructure “ran hot” during the first few weeks of the pandemic. While Comcast commented that its networks were built to handle surges, it too installed additional fiber to absorb traffic increases.

Unfortunately, instead of increasing capacity to ease congestion, some network operators resorted to throttling and intimidation tactics. Journalist Jon Brodkin’s story of Mike, a Cox customer in Gainesville, Florida, illustrated the severity of these tactics.

Mike paid Cox $150 per month for download speeds of 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) and upload speeds of 35 megabits per second (Mbps). Mike paid an additional $50 per month for “unlimited data” since he generally used at least 8 terabytes (TB) of data a month due to scheduled device backups and data sharing on peer-to-peer networks. However, Mike made sure to schedule his heavy usage from 1 a.m. to 8 a.m. in order to minimize congestion on the local network.

Even though Mike’s internet usage had been consistent over the past four years, Cox flagged his account as an excessive user in mid-May 2020. When Mike refused to change his internet activity, Cox decreased the upload speeds for his entire neighborhood from 35 Mbps to 10 Mbps. This was a critical decrease when Mike and most of his neighbors relied on remote work and schooling. Cox confirmed that it had indeed imposed neighborhood-wide slowdowns. A Cox webpage from March 2020 stated that the gigabit plan, which promises 35 Mbps upload speeds, would be limited to 10 Mbps in some areas “to support consistent service across customers during periods of sustained increased internet usage.” A Reddit thread from May 2020 revealed that Mike was far from the only customer who experienced threats and slowdowns.

Rather than upgrading its infrastructure, Cox relied on oversubscribed nodes, resulting in neighborhood-level congestion. A Cox representative said that they “keep a close eye at the individual node level” to make adjustments, such as “splitting nodes, pulling additional fiber, equipment swaps and/or core network changes” to avoid congestion thresholds. However, it does not seem as though Cox engaged in any of those measures in Mike’s case. Similarly, Reddit user r/brainwashednomore shared that a Cox tech representative admitted that the neighborhood node was overloaded because of increased traffic related to the pandemic, but it would cost several hundred thousand dollars to split the node and “the likelihood it would happen soon was very low.” The tech representative’s advice was to just downgrade from the gigabit package to the 150 Mbps package to match his actual service.

The FCC’s reclassification of wireline and mobile broadband as a Title II service in 2015 would have likely changed the outcome between Mike and Cox. The “Open Internet Order” applied common carrier classification for these information services and established bright-line bans on blocking, throttling and paid prioritization. The 2015 order’s enhanced disclosure rules, which required ISPs to be more transparent about any consequences from exceeding data caps, likely would have protected Mike from Cox’s unilateral actions. But the order’s “reasonable network management” provision would have likely permitted Cox’s throttling actions. While the FCC’s 2010 disclosure rules still remain in place, they do not require this greater transparency regarding data cap consequences.

The coronavirus pandemic raises the question of whether these data caps are even necessary in the first place. Data caps are generally part of a tiered pricing structure. Supporters of such billing models suggest that data caps can help ISPs maintain and expand their networks. Charging high bandwidth users additional fees can help fund additional capacity as well as keep internet congestion in check by limiting demand. However, opponents of data caps point to the decreasing costs of network management and argue that since ISP networks have built in the capacity to handle peak hour traffic, their networks should handle high data use by all users. Some ISPs’ temporary removal of data caps during the pandemic further supports this argument. When internet traffic was at record-breaking highs, ISPs were able to stop tiered pricing. The pandemic revealed that ISPs’ use of data caps during non-crisis times served a business purpose rather than a network management one.

Traffic Prioritization—The Informal Power of Regulators

Another key tenet of net neutrality is that ISPs should not prioritize any content but instead treat all data packets the same. Accordingly, Comcast couldn’t deliver content from its own streaming service NBCUniversal faster than Netflix videos or charge companies extra fees to get in the fast lane. However, the pandemic seems to support the argument for traffic prioritization. After all, with strained capacity, why should ISPs have to deliver Netflix or porn at the same speeds as telehealth services, government unemployment websites and online classes?

European Commissioner Thierry Breton made the appeal for traffic prioritization by imploring video streaming services to switch to standard definition in an effort to keep the networks open for essential services. On March 18, Breton tweeted, “Important phone conversation with @ReedHastings, CEO of @Netflix. […] Teleworking and streaming help a lot [to beat #COVID19] but infrastructure might be in strain. To secure Internet access for all, let’s #SwitchToStandard definition when HD is not necessary.” Accounting for 70 percent of all global network traffic, video streaming has a significant impact on a network’s congestion. In addition, the quality level significantly impacts the needed bandwidth. For instance, Netflix high definition (HD) videos use 3 gigabytes (GB) of data per hour whereas standard definition (SD) videos use only 1 GB per hour. SD’s decrease in data-intensive streaming therefore suggests that Breton’s appeal could reasonably reduce network congestion.

Faced with public pressure, video streaming companies soon changed their streaming quality. Netflix became the first platform to commit to reducing streaming quality, by decreasing the video bit rate by a quarter, for 30 days in the United Kingdom and European Union. Netflix commented that the reduced picture quality would reduce Netflix data consumption by 25 percent. YouTube followed suit by defaulting to SD video in the EU and then announcing that it would change the default globally. While users could still manually switch back to HD, some Android and iOS users reported they were restricted to SD quality and could not change the setting. Disney+, Apple, and Amazon also committed to throttling streaming quality across Europe. In fact, Disney+ even went a step further and delayed the launch of its service in France from March 24 to April 7. Despite record levels of network traffic in the U.S., YouTube was the only streaming service that changed streaming quality there.

Net neutrality regulations focus on the intermediaries—the ISPs carrying the content from one place to another. Yet net neutrality regulations notably do not address the other players that can impact traffic prioritization—regulators and edge providers. Breton’s appeal to streaming companies demonstrates the immense, informal power that policymakers have over industry even in regions with net neutrality protections. Some journalists and advocates criticized the unchecked power of one EU commissioner being able to reduce the quality of paid-for streaming services with very little scrutiny. Prominent MIT computer scientist and internet pioneer David Clark criticized the pressure from the EU Commission and claimed that the reduction in quality was unnecessary. Clark stated, “That just tells me they don’t understand how the Internet works.” Clark explained that the internet can’t reach a mythical peak because internet providers are constantly providing capacity. In addition, he explained that a streaming service like Netflix automatically down-codes from HD to SD if it encounters congestion. Clark concluded, “Unless your goal was to preferentially downgrade entertainment television to make sure something important was getting through, just let the system run because it self adapts. The answer is there is a lot of ability in the system to absorb demand shock.” This statement underscores how regulators can circumvent net neutrality protections to prioritize certain traffic.

Net neutrality opponents have suggested the incident represented just another example of regulators becoming too ensnared in the business of private networks and content providers. However, this argument, in many ways, is a red herring in the net neutrality debate—the EU Commission’s appeal to streaming services occurred outside the regulatory realm. After all, FCC Chairman Pai could have made a similar appeal to video streaming services in the U.S.

If anything, this incident demonstrates why neither regulators nor ISPs should be in the general position of making content decisions for end users and underscores the very importance of net neutrality. Effective traffic prioritization is difficult to execute with the variety of uses online services provide. Zoom is used for both remote work and school as well as socializing. Similarly, Netflix and YouTube are certainly used for entertainment, but they are also used for important educational purposes. Therefore, EU policymakers’ appeal to Netflix, YouTube, Disney+, and Hulu was both too broad and too narrow in scope. Slowing down all YouTube videos would result in the slowdown of important educational content. But EU regulators failed to focus on other mainstream video services that account for a significant percentage of internet traffic, such as major porn websites. It is difficult to find recent and reliable numbers, but one 2012 study estimated that 30 percent of all data transferred across the internet is porn, which would be six times larger than Hulu’s internet traffic. PornHub’s 2019 annual report stated that it received more than 80,000 visits every minute. If EU regulators genuinely wanted to ease network congestion without fear of degrading possible educational content, then they should have reached out to pornographic sites as well.

Looking Beyond ISPs—A Larger Internet Ecosystem

Edge providers have also been outside the purview of net neutrality regulations. Edge providers, such as video streaming and social media companies, felt the strain of increased traffic during the pandemic, with Facebook’s chief executive Mark Zuckerberg saying, “We’re just trying to keep the lights on over here.” Phone calls over Facebook’s apps more than doubled, and messaging increased by more than 50 percent in many countries. In a March 2020 blog post, Facebook stated, “The usage growth from Covid-19 is unprecedented across the industry, and we are experiencing new records in usage almost every day.” Similar to the announcements of other streaming services, Facebook announced it would reduce bit rates for Facebook and Instagram videos in certain regions. Echoing CNN’s struggle to cope with surging demand on 9/11, Facebook explained that its services could withstand spikes during events like the Olympics or New Year’s Eve, but they have plenty of time to increase capacity in advance of those events.

Video game and console companies also changed their operations to account for surging traffic. Similar to video streaming, video games account for large amounts of internet traffic, especially when an update is released. A software update for a video game can amount to the internet traffic equivalent of 30,000 webpages. Put another way, the recent “Call of Duty: Warzone” game was an 80-GB download, which is the equivalent of dozens of Netflix movies. In addition to large downloads, there was also a spike in the number of gamers. One report found that gaming traffic increased by 400 percent in March 2020. Accordingly, Microsoft, manufacturer of the Xbox, asked gaming companies to introduce online updates and new releases at low-traffic times, such as overnight on Monday through Thursday, in order to avoid network congestion. Similarly, content delivery network (CDN) Akamai reported that it would throttle the speeds of gaming software downloads at peak times in bottleneck regions. Of the top 24 video game companies, 23 rely on Akamai to deliver content closer to users to reduce latency. The changes resulted in gamers reporting sluggish download speeds of 1 Mbps and download times of 40 hours.

Title II classification of broadband undeniably offers significant consumer protections. Notably, the 2015 Open Internet Order would have likely prevented an ISP from throttling the internet speeds of an entire neighborhood to punish one user, and it also would have empowered the FCC to oversee consistent pricing schemes and debt forgiveness. However, net neutrality regulations take into account the actions of only ISPs, and ISPs represent just one piece of a larger internet ecosystem. Net neutrality does not address the actions of regulators and edge providers to prioritize some content over others. In many ways, the fixation on the net neutrality debate has blinded the public to the internet’s joints and junctions where congestion actually manifests. Not all degradation of internet performance stems from ISPs. Instead, congestion occurs at internet exchanges, outdated home routers, and individual website capacity. By broadening the conversation to include the larger internet ecosystem, more emphasis can be placed on creative solutions to improve internet performance, such as increasing the amount of cached content near end users or improving the capacity of government websites. The coronavirus crisis provides an opportunity to reflect on the strengths of communications networks and begin a greater, bipartisan conversation on how to bolster each individual network as well the connections between them.

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The Coronavirus Pandemic and Network Neutrality Implications - Lawfare
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Sixty Defendants Charged in Nationwide Takedown of Sinaloa Cartel Methamphetamine Network - Department of Justice

For more information contact:

Assistant U. S. Attorney Matthew J. Sutton (619) 546-8941, Special Assistant U.S. Attorney Nicole Bredariol (619) 546-8419, and Assistant U. S. Attorney Amy B. Wang (619) 546-6968

Click HERE for the indictment
Click HERE for the search warrant

SAN DIEGO – An indictment was unsealed today in federal court charging 60 members of a San Diego-based international methamphetamine distribution network tied to the Sinaloa Cartel with drug trafficking, money laundering and firearms offenses.

During the last month, hundreds of federal, state, and local law enforcement agents and officers have arrested dozens of defendants and searched multiple locations throughout San Diego County and in five states. As of today, 44 of the 60 defendants are either in federal or state custody, and the search continues for 16 defendants. In addition to these arrests, law enforcement has seized more than 220 pounds of methamphetamine and other illegal drugs; 90 firearms; and more than $250,000 in cash. Law enforcement officials are also seeking the forfeit of residences, high-end vehicles, and bulk cash belonging to these defendants.

According to the indictment and other publicly filed documents, over the last several years, this complex San Diego-based network obtained thousands of kilograms of methamphetamine from the Sinaloa Cartel to smuggle across the international border concealed in hidden compartments in passenger cars and motorcycles. The defendants then used these cars and motorcycles, along with trains, commercial airlines, the U.S. Mail, and commercial delivery services like FedEx and UPS to distribute that methamphetamine to dozens of sub-distributors located throughout San Diego County, the United States, and the world, including Hawaii, Arizona, Texas, Kansas, Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Kentucky, as well as Australia and New Zealand.

In return, tens of thousands of dollars in narcotics proceeds were returned to the network’s leaders via shipments of bulk cash, structured cash deposits into bank accounts, and money transfer systems like MoneyGram, Western Union, PayPal, Zelle, Venmo, and Cash App. And to protect their illegal operations, the defendants allegedly possessed dozens of firearms and used encrypted communication providers to communicate with each other. This drug trafficking and money laundering continued unabated throughout the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Despite their sophisticated efforts, law enforcement successfully penetrated this network with a variety of investigative techniques, including physical surveillance, obtaining phone records and financial documents, undercover agents, search warrants, as well as a six-month federal wiretap to intercept the communications and track the locations of the defendants.

Today we have dealt a serious blow to this San Diego-based international drug trafficking network with ties to the Sinaloa Cartel,” said Acting U.S. Attorney Randy Grossman. “The intersection of drug dealing and gun possession inevitably leads to violence in our communities. By dismantling this network, the Department of Justice reaffirms its unwavering commitment to reducing violent crime and building a San Diego where all our citizens are safe.”

“DEA is enhancing its efforts to disrupt, dismantle and destroy the most violent drug trafficking organizations across the country under Operation Crystal Shield,” said DEA Special Agent in Charge John W. Callery. “By dismantling this sophisticated drug trafficking network, DEA and our law enforcement partners have prevented significant quantities of methamphetamine and numerous firearms from making their way to the streets of San Diego and other neighborhoods throughout the United States.  Drug trafficking is a violent crime, that impacts the safety and security of our communities – and the drug and firearm seizures made in this investigation are testament to that.”

“The primary motivation of drug traffickers is greed,” said Ryan L. Korner, Special Agent in Charge for IRS-Criminal Investigation’s Los Angeles Field Office.  “IRS-CI will continue to work tirelessly alongside our partner agencies to stop the flow of narcotics and narcotics proceeds that are killing innocent Americans, and to ensure that crime doesn’t pay—that those individuals, like the 60 defendants indicted and arrested in this case, are brought to justice.”

“The U.S. Postal Inspection Service is committed to preserving the integrity of the mail by ridding the mail of involvement in drug trafficking,” said US Postal Inspection Service Acting Inspector in Charge Eric Shen of the Los Angeles Division. “This operation clearly shows that by combining our strengths and resources with all the involved agencies which include, federal, state and local law enforcement agencies we can disrupt their drug trafficking organizations to protect our communities.”

Acting U.S. Attorney Grossman also praised federal, state, and local law enforcement for the coordinated team effort in the culmination of this investigation. This case was led by the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Narcotics Task Force (NTF), the Internal Revenue Service - Criminal Investigation, and the United States Postal Inspection Service. The NTF is a DEA-led task force comprised of federal and local law enforcement from the DEA, San Diego County Sheriff’s Department, the San Diego Police Department, the Escondido Police Department, the United States Border Patrol, and the San Diego County Probation Office. Agents and officers from the United States Marshals Service, Homeland Security Investigations, Customs and Border Protection, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons, also provided vital assistance for the investigation. Attorneys from the Department of Justice, Office of Enforcement Operations, Electronic Surveillance Unit, likewise provided critical work as part of the investigative team.

This prosecution is part of an Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF) investigation. OCDETF identifies, disrupts, and dismantles the highest-level drug traffickers, money launderers, gangs, and transnational criminal organizations that threaten the United States by using a prosecutor-led, intelligence-driven, multi-agency approach that leverages the strengths of federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies against criminal networks.

Assistant U.S. Attorneys Matthew J. Sutton, Nicole Bredariol, and Amy B. Wang of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of California are prosecuting the case, with assistance from Paralegal Specialists Kathleen Jordano and Leticia Adams.

An indictment is not evidence of guilt. The defendants are presumed innocent and entitled to a fair trial at which the government has the burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

DEFENDANTS                                            Case Number 21cr1559-H                           

(D1) Reyes Espinoza                                      Age: 35                                   San Ysidro, CA

(D2) David Villegas                                        Age: 49                                   San Diego, CA

(D3) John Bomenka                                        Age: 54                                   San Diego, CA

(D4) Dennis Jones                                          Age: 49                                   San Diego, CA

(D5) Darren Mosier                                        Age: 59                                   San Diego, CA

(D6) Frank Tucker                                          Age: 63                                   San Diego, CA

(D7) Charles Miller                                         Age: 52                                   San Diego, CA

*(D8) Carlos Espinoza                                    Age: 28                                   Tijuana, MX

(D9) Mario Espinoza                                      Age: 20                                   Tijuana, MX

(D10) Jaron Hillyer                                         Age: 30                                   San Diego, CA

(D11) Kristina Brown                                     Age: 32                                   San Diego, CA

(D12) Danny Miller                                        Age: 52                                   San Diego, CA

(D13) Shawn Morrill                                       Age: 49                                   San Diego, CA

*(D14) Hilleal Grant                                      Age: 51                                   San Diego, CA

*(D15) Lewis Rich                                         Age: 59                                   San Diego, CA

(D16) Cameron Graff                                     Age: 29                                   San Diego, CA

*(D17) Terry Haith                                         Age: 60                                   San Diego, CA

(D18) Tansy Steinhauer                                  Age: 51                                   San Diego, CA

*(D19) Jessica Pomeroy                                 Age: 30                                   San Diego, CA

*(D20) Shadow Segura                                   Age: 23                                   Houston, TX

(D21) Jasmine Lucas                                      Age: 50                                   San Diego, CA

(D22) Philip Abbas                                         Age: 42                                   San Diego, CA

*(D23) Peter Fuller                                         Age: 63                                   San Diego, CA

(D24) Eduardo Osuna                                     Age: 41                                   San Diego, CA

(D25) Frank Carrillo                                       Age: 45                                   San Diego, CA

(D26) Stephen Myrick                                    Age: 45                                   San Diego, CA

(D27) Gloria Sandoval                                   Age: 40                                   San Diego, CA

*(D28) Ashley Hilton                                     Age: 42                                   Houston, TX

(D29) Joseph Occhiogrosso                            Age: 44                                   Brooklyn, NY

(D30) Gary Beasley                                        Age: 39                                   San Diego, CA

*(D31) Arnulfo Rodriguez                             Age: 38                                   San Diego, CA

(D32) Alexandro Larios-Flores                       Age: 24                                   San Diego, CA

*(D33) Jose Vargas                                        Age: 31                                   San Diego, CA

(D34) Michael Nagle                                      Age: 50                                   San Diego, CA

*(D35) Raymond Sterling                               Age: 51                                   San Diego, CA

(D36) Terry Tyler                                           Age: 49                                   San Diego, CA

(D37) Victor Yamasaki                                   Age: 59                                   San Diego, CA

(D38) Chris Paschke                                       Age: 57                                   San Diego, CA

(D39) Charles Gerardi                                                Age: 57                                   Houston, TX

(D40) Christian Lopez-Villegas                      Age: 34                                   San Ysidro, CA

(D41) David Santa Maria                                Age: 49                                   San Diego, CA

(D42) Melvin Johnson                                    Age: 44                                   San Diego, CA

(D43) Daniel Babuata                                     Age: 34                                   San Diego, CA

*(D44) Garrett Steele                                     Age: 40                                   San Diego, CA

(D45) Vien Trinh                                            Age: 62                                   San Diego, CA

*(D46) Troy Prater                                         Age: 46                                   San Diego, CA

*(D47) Sharon Landhan                                 Age: 44                                   San Diego, CA

(D48) Gabriel Askay                                      Age: 44                                   San Diego, CA

(D49) Patrick Lane                                         Age: 57                                   San Diego, CA

(D50) Kevin Tobin                                          Age: 65                                   San Diego, CA

(D51) James Ellerbe                                        Age: 68                                   San Diego, CA

(D52) Hope Stoneking                                    Age: 35                                   San Diego, CA

(D53) Tasha Almanza                                     Age: 42                                   San Diego, CA

*(D54) Jason Ferguson                                   Age: 48                                   San Diego, CA

(D55) Kelle Ferguson                                     Age: 52                                   San Diego, CA

*(D56) Roger Desroche                                  Age: 74                                   San Diego, CA

(D57) Steven Brandt                                      Age: 57                                   San Diego, CA

(D58) Esteban Gastelum-Sanchez                  Age: 42                                   San Diego, CA

(D59) Tara Scroggins                                     Age: 45                                   San Diego, CA

(D60) Debbie Hill                                           Age: 59                                   San Diego, CA

 

*Fugitives

 

SUMMARY OF CHARGES

Conspiracy to Distribute Methamphetamine (21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846)

Conspiracy to Launder Monetary Instruments (18 U.S.C. §§ 1956(a)(1) and (h))

Possession with Intent to Distribute Methamphetamine (21 U.S.C., § 841(a)(1))

Importation of Methamphetamine (21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960)

Felon in Possession of a Firearm (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1)

Maximum Penalties: For the drug charges, term of custody including a mandatory minimum 10 years and up to life imprisonment, $10 million fine and a lifetime of supervised release. For money laundering charges, term of custody up to 20 years’ imprisonment, a fine of $500,000 or twice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved, and three years of supervised release. For the firearms charges, term of custody up to 10 years imprisonment, and a $250,000 fine.

 

AGENCIES

Drug Enforcement Administration, Narcotics Task Force

Internal Revenue Service - Criminal Investigation

United States Postal Inspection Service

San Diego County Sheriff’s Department

San Diego Police Department

Escondido Police Department

United States Border Patrol

San Diego County Probation Office

United States Marshals Service

Homeland Security Investigations

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives

Federal Bureau of Prisons

San Diego County District Attorney’s Office

Department of Justice, Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces

Department of Justice, Office of Enforcement Operations, Electronic Surveillance Unit

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Kentucky

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Texas

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Central District of California

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Minnesota

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Iowa

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Michigan

U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Michigan

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Sixty Defendants Charged in Nationwide Takedown of Sinaloa Cartel Methamphetamine Network - Department of Justice
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